Writer’s Must Read…the Art of War

Sun Tzu’s Art of War

Sometimes research can be overwhelming. If you’re a writer who finds themselves intimidated by ancient texts, made easily bored by history, or just simply aren’t interested in a specific research topic, you’re not alone. But the simple fact is, as writers, we have a responsibility to relay interesting worlds, ideas, and characters. While a diet of pure fiction is enough to spark imagination, non-fiction helps us to better understand our topic.

Writer’s Must Read is my attempt to offer a map of non-fiction works that I believe have helped me become a well-rounded writer. The range in topic from history (okay, mostly history), to philosophy, to psychology, and even advice manuals.

The Art of War by Master Sun Tzu is something like all-of-the-above. It’s a fantastic piece of written history as well as a treatise on the philosophy of warfare. It covers a very early concept of war psychology, and of course, its main premise is that by following Master Sun, the reader will claim victory in war.

Chinese history is vast and filled to the brim with bloody conflict. Sun Tzu was probably born in the Easter Zhou Period of China; sometime before the Warring States Period. He served as a general and strategist for King Hëlu in the 6th Century BC. He would write The Art of War during this time.

“Warfare is the greatest affair of state, the basis of life and death, the Way (Tao) to survival or extinction. It must therefore be thoroughly pondered and analyzed.”

[Sun Tzu The Art of War Ch. 1 Initial Estimations, Sawyer translation]

From it’s first sentence, Master Sun makes it abundantly clear what his treatise is about. In the violent turbulence of the Zhou Period, victory is war is the knife’s edge between life and death.

“Warfare is the Way (Tao) of deception. Thus although [you are] capable, display incapability to them. When committed to employing your forces, feign inactivity. When [your objective] is nearby, make it appear as if distance; when far away, create the illusion of being nearby.”

[Sun Tzu The Art of War Ch. 1 Initial Estimations, Sawyer translation]

Master Sun lays out his goal and his main premise within the first chapter of his treatise. The Art of War is not a long book by any means, but it’s dense in content. It’s chock full of advice and observations that are stilled studied and relied upon today by modern armies the world over.

But why is any of this relevant to a writer of fiction?

War is a human experience; no culture has ever escaped war and no culture ever will. It is fertile writing ground. Blood is a terrible ink, yet war remains one of the most useful and popular plot devices.

War is hell, this is true, but the men who fight it are far from devils. All men fight for their own reasons and in their own ways and while it’s easy for a writer to explain why a character is fighting, but I’ve seen some writers struggle with the ways men fight. Sometimes making ridiculous blunders that rip readers out of their suspension of belief. I believe many of these misbegotten ideas come from the way war is portrayed on TV.

Now, there’s plenty of wiggle room in fiction, and there should be. If a story is good, no one will notice small tactical blunders (supply lines, trenches, reinforcement). However, when a writer sets out to write a large set-piece battle, it’s easy to fall into the belief that two opposing sides will simply line up and crash their armies together like children with dolls. While that has certainly happened in the annals of history, the vast majority of warfare is fought in much the way Sun Tzu outlines in his treatise.

For example, in Chapter 3 Planning Offensives, Master Sun says:

“Thus the highest realization of warfare is to attack the enemy’s plans; the next is to attack their alliances; next to attack their army; and the lowest is to attack their fortified cities.”

[Sun Tzu The Art of War Ch. 3 Planning Offensives, Sawyer translation]

What Master Sun is saying here is simple. In warfare, the optimal way to defeat an enemy is to attack his plans or his allies. That is, politics, espionage, sabotage—trickery. The next best way to fight your enemy army to army; ambushes, hit-and-runs, plundering villages/towns. The worst way, Master Sun says, is siege warfare. In fact, he goes on to say the “tactic of attacking fortified cities is adopted only when unavoidable.” [Sun Tzu The Art of War Ch. 3 Planning Offensives, Sawyer translation]

History shows that siege warfare is the worst kind of warfare. At the height of the Middle Ages, fortified stone castles were extremely common. Siege warfare—long, grinding, battles of attrition set before stone walls was the order of the day. Those inside the castle may be safe from the swords and spears of the besiegers, but supplies will be limited. You might be able to wait them out, or you can hope to break the siege and launch a successful sortie or pray your allies (if you have any) arrive in time to crush the besiegers against the castle walls and drive the enemy off. Your soldiers will have to work in constant shifts in order to keep watch for the dangers of siege weapons, wall climbers, sappers, and spies.    

But the besiegers will also have their own supply issues and a general must always keep in mind that his non-professional soldiers will be looking to go home ASAP in order to plant/harvest crops. Lack of water and sickness become serious problems for both sides; food goes bad, men die of dysentery and fever, or are mangled in engineering accidents and useless attacks against the walls. Morale sags. There are defectors and deserters on each side.     

With all this in mind, any writer can see how this is fertile ground for storytelling. But they should know that it’s the worst way to fight war. Seeing characters ply each of Sun Tzu’s strategies only to wind up fighting a crushing siege is far more interesting than reading about them blundering onto a 100-yard field to clash swords and spears.

Don’t get me wrong, that can be interesting but battles were hardly fought that way and they typically devolve into high casualties for little reward. Sun Tzu says: “attaining one hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the pinnacle of excellence. Subjugating the enemy’s army without fighting is the true pinnacle of excellence.” [Sun Tzu The Art of War Ch. 3 Planning Offensives, Sawyer translation]

Master Sun goes on to give advice on things like morale, espionage, and terrain. He warns of leaders who interfere too much with the actions of generals. In one potent elucidation he notes the five dangerous character flaws in generals:

“One committed to dying can be slain. One committed to living can be captured. One [easily] angered and hasty [to act] can be insulted. One obsessed with being scrupulous and untainted can be shamed. One who loves the people can be troubled.”

[Sun Tzu The Art of War Ch. 8 Nine Changes, Sawyer translation]

The martyr will seek out his martyrdom; the coward will turncoat; the prideful fool will blunder; the glory hound will be too timid. The overly compassionate will commit to lost causes. These are interesting ideas to play with. Not every general character will make mistakes because he’s a prideful idiot. Maybe your protagonist is overly concerned with the lives of villagers? While wanting to protect the weak and save the innocent is commendable, victory demands meat for the grinder, and sometimes a terrible calculation needs to be made. There’s a great story in that tension.

If you want an example from fiction, look no further than Ned Stark of A Song of Ice and Fire. Stark was blinded by his obsession with honor and right-doing. Concerned with the possibility of shame and dishonor, he is neatly dealt with by the less scrupulous. What a boring character Ned would have been had he decided to be a hot-head and died charging into the Red Keep?

Sun Tzu’s Art of War is not the place to stop when it comes to studying warfare, but it is the place to start. If you’re looking to level up your writing, especially when it comes to war and tactics, the Art of War is an accessible and enjoyable read. There are dozens of translations, even a graphic novel if you feel that pictures would help you understand the concepts laid out. No prior knowledge is needed to understand it and it will improve your writing, from your generals, to your kings, to your CEOs, and politicians.

I believe that Sun Tzu’s Art of War is a must read for all writers.

Above: statue of Sun Tzu, Chinese style gardens in Japan. Enchō-en (燕趙園) are located in Yurihama, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.

The First of Many, God Willing

It’s been little over a week now since the release of Cirsova Issue #14 Spring 2023. It contains thrilling adventure stories, including my own SciFi short, Egg. If you haven’t had a chance to check it out, may I suggest you do?

Egg is my first published work, and while I still despise the title, I can’t help but feel there’s some symbolism in it. It’s a small thing, but this short little pulp is the culmination of years of practice and patience. I’ve wanted to be a writer since I can remember and that dream has always been in the abstract. As small as this little fleck of concrete is, it’s still concrete. That’s good enough for me, for now.

Friends and family have been asking me how I feel about finally being published and I’ve had a really hard time explaining it. I’m proud because any small triumph is worthy of some admiration, but at the same time I feel driven. Its like a fire was lit. I have more to say, more to write, more joy to bring. I tell stories because I love telling stories, publication is just the physical proof of that passion.

I’ve been turned down before, rejected, forgotten, ridiculed even. It took a lot of time to gain back the courage to send anything out for consideration. Then, one day, it struck me: “what’s the worse that can happen, they say no?”

As terrible and heartbreaking as “no” can be, it should never be taken personal. It’s a challenge, a call to the writer’s adventure.

I’d like to extend a hearty thank you to Cirsova and all those who keep the wonderful world of pulps alive. I’ve been supported by family and friends, all of whom were more excited about my story than me. Finally, I give praise and glory to God, who let me know I was on the right track with a stupid title like Egg.

Buy Cirsova #14!

Lulu Hardcopy

Lulu Softcover

Amazon

Adventures in Storytelling 1

Entry 1, an invitation to the madness.

I’ve been going back and forth on this for a while. To show or not to show? Would anyone be interested in what goes on behind the curtain? I mean, some people must be, “on writing” is basically its own how-to genre.

So, it’s decided. I’m going to tell you a really weird story. It’ll be disjointed and messy, my leaps of logic will probably shock you, and most likely you’ll be annoyed at how thick I can be. But, I promise it will be interesting. Calling this is a journal isn’t exactly correct. I think it’s more like a travel log. I want to take you on a journey between my ears. My hope is that as writers (or readers) you can peek into the writing process. If you see my creative struggles and see how I’ve surmounted them (or even how I backed away in defeat), it’ll make your creative struggles easier.

Writers face their own personal battles when it comes to the creative process. Each one is as different as the writer and the work they’re enslaved too. The shared experience of the creative skirmish proves it a natural part of the process. Not only that, the unique ways we navigate various creative dilemmas show that there is no issue that can’t be overcome.

To start, here’s a couple of ground rules. My stories will be referred to by “Project Name.” Next, I will refer to my characters by their first Initial, unless that initial is shared. And finally, I will be deliberately vague when it comes to specific events/plotlines. I want this adventure to be about the nuts and bolts of writing as it is my fervent intention to see these works published. So, please forgive my imprecision.

The Master Work

My current Master Project, codenamed Project Paisley, is a piece of epic/high fantasy fiction. I intend to see it through seven books. I use a rotating third person limited POV. The first two works can actually stand on their own but are best enjoyed in relation to the other five.

The first work, called P1, is completely drafted. P1 is currently in it’s 4th draft and is facing some extensive rewrites because my writing from now to when I started P1 is just that much better. But we’re going to get into that at a later date. The second work, P2, has been outlined and the first initial draft begun. P3-P7 have been “wishlisted” with the goal of outlining P3 by the end of 2023.

The process highlighted here makes it seem like my writing method sprung fully formed out of my forehead, but the difficulty getting to this point has been a near decade long process. When I started Project Paisley, I was an undisciplined anti-plotter convinced that constraining my ambition would stifle my creative process.  

The issues I faced with Project Paisley changed my perspective on writing as a craft, forced me to adapt my writing methods, disciplined my thought process, and even drove me into the arms of Holy Mother Church.

I’m being a little overdramatic on that last point, but saying that Project Paisley wasn’t a factor would be lying.

It’s difficult to describe an evolving process as I believe that no one ever stops developing in their craft. There is always a higher peak to climb. I learned this extremely important lesson from Dante—there is no plateau in writing, there is only progression or regression.

Writing, like ethics, is a habit of excellence. Climb the mountain and you look back with triumph. You’ve accomplished something only madmen dare to try and it is worthy of celebration. But once you look forward and see another, taller, wider mountain, you realize there’s more to do. You go down into the valley, still armed with the skills learned from the last mountain but end up feeling like crap, seeing yourself and your work as worthless, your time wasted. Then, something clicks into place and you realize that you’re getting better. Slowly and gradually, but you’re getting better.  

This is what happens to me. I think it happens to a lot of us.  

How it started

It was sometime between 2014 and 2015. I made the leap from city college to university, Dragon Age Inquisition was released, I was completing my second (or third, I can’t remember) reading of the Song of Ice and Fire series, and I was dipping my toe into medieval history.

Ideas are strange things and they can come upon us in strange and various ways. I don’t always know how they come to me. Sometimes it’s an image from a dream, other times it’s a single phrase that becomes the outline of character’s personality, it can even be the glimmer of a philosophical concept I want to explore.

C.S. Lewis relayed in his essay “Sometimes Fairy Stories May Say What’s Best to Be Said” that his stories often begin with images but the mental pictures go nowhere unless accompanied by a longing for a form, that is, prose, or verse, or short story, etc. He goes on to say “when these two things click you have the author’s impulse complete. It is now a thing inside him pawing to get out.”

When I look back at how Paisley started, I think it began with a philosophical concept. This was long before I read any actual philosophy and well before I became a medievalist, but I was enamored of the idea of fate and prophecy. I liked the idea of a story that explored this concept at all angles.

I worked on other projects while Paisley fermented. I read A Distant Mirror and became obsessed with the idea of a decadent empire groaning under it’s own weight so afraid of the oncoming cosmic shift that it would do anything to avoid it. That there exist people who would do anything to circumvent change. If wise men can see the tidal wave, what would they do to stop it, especially if they’re the kind who think they can?

Alright cool, but a million fantasies have been built on that very question, so it needed more time in the barrel.

Time went on and eventually I fell in love with the Plantagenets and Dungeons and Dragons. There’s a myth that says the House of Anjou were born of a devil and when your enemies are beating you, aren’t they all of the devil? I wanted a character so vicious they seemed like a villain, so ruthless the line between friend and foe was a constant blur, someone with a venomous nature who pulled the other characters into their orbit and only respected those who remained defiant in their wake.

M was born and I was smitten. I fleshed out M so well I still have the original hand written notes about their character. I was so convinced of their compelling personality that I wrote a homebrew D&D campaign around them just to see if I could enchant the Players to join M’s side. To my complete joy, they did. They loved M. I took notes from those sessions and incorporated them into M’s background.

But it was that campaign that made something about M extremely clear. M is not a main character and nothing I did made M work as the protagonist. For many writers, when characters become complete, rounded, almost human-like, they reach a stage where they can speak to us in our own voices. M was telling me; under no circumstance would they be my hero. M was a force of nature, a tidal wave, an object to be overcome but never moved and never changed.

I put everything back in the brewery. I must have worked on something in that time. I’ve always been a writer, working on little things here and there. But I doubt anything was of real worth, outside the utilitarian notion that all writing is exercise.

At some point, while M was still kicking around my mind, J came in. J was different from M in that they immediately marked themselves as a reluctant hero. Someone plucked from obscurity and placed on the “world stage.” J has still not reached their full potential, but when I began thinking in earnest about starting to write Project Paisley, J came to the forefront as did a large cast of rag-tag companions ranging from lofty lords to grizzled veterans and scruffy outcasts.

Everything about J and their friends was shaping into something typical.

In those early stages, this was disheartening. I don’t want to be a typical writer, playing puppets with the same old tropes. The world is filled with Tolkien imitators and oversaturated with Martin clones. While these two men certainly have influenced me, and deservedly so, falling into the carbon copy ocean feels like a fate worse than death.

With maturity I’ve come to realize that these tropes are more like guardrails. They aren’t there to ruin the view, they’re there to keep you from falling into the abyss. To use another metaphor, the clay molds don’t change the makeup of the clay and they don’t dictate the painter’s personal flair.

G is a character who seemed to come to me fully formed. I immediately understood their motivations for joining up with J. It’s almost novel to have a character so genuinely ordinary that you can easily latch onto them. G is an everyman, the perfectly ordinary character who probably won’t draw much attention from readers, but who will be the constant accessible anchor. They deserve more development, of course, and will get it when the time comes.   

C is a different story, even as I wrote them, another character came with them. D started out as a minor side character attached to C as a servant. They’ve become C’s other half. Whatever I had planned for C was derailed by the realization that D was more likely to act. C became the brain; D became the limbs. At the time, however, I forced D into the place I’d made for them.

During this initial process, I began to run out of steam. I would take long breaks (usually for school work) and then hammer out a few hundred more words every now and then. But it was clear that I was fed up with my slow progress.

I’ve always had this belief that if the idea is a good one, the words will come naturally. To quote David Bowie, I was “busting up my brains for the words.” I would sit in utter silence staring at my computer, begging for interest to resurrect itself.

Of course, I’ve divested myself of this childish notion. I lacked serious discipline and I was deeply committed to the idea of writing by the seat of my pants. Now, there’s nothing wrong with that method, but in order for me to make any use out of it, I need discipline. I hope to discuss this method in more detail later.

As I floundered in writer’s block, more characters revealed themselves to me. The grey bunch that surrounded J was slowly turning motley. But they remained stuck in my head as my writer’s block refused to budge.

I started losing all optimism around 2016. I felt like I was on the verge of abandoning the entire project. But it kept nagging at me. I believe in this idea. I couldn’t give up all that potential.

This was the first peak I had to overcome. As I looked up the slope, I began to realize that it wasn’t drive I was missing. I wanted to climb the mountain, that was clear. What I lacked was supplies, discipline, tools. I could make this climb, but I wasn’t ready yet. 

This was my first and probably my most important lesson:

Don’t surrender an idea just because it’s become difficult to navigate. Pull back, regroup, assess the situation, and start preparing for the second try.  

Above: A section of Four Doctors of the Church Represented with Attributes of the Four Evangelists. Pier-Francesco Sacchi (known active 1512–1520). Born in Pavia (Italy). Oil on wood. Housed in The Louvre.

What is Elfland?

“He was on a plain on which the flowers were queer and the shape of the trees monstrous.”

Edward John Drax Plunkett, better known as Lord Dunsany, was the 18th Baron of Dunsany and he wrote something like 90 works of fiction. His most famous being The King of Elfland’s Daughter.

To call the Lord Dunsany the first “fantasy writer” may not be entirely correct, but to ignore his influence over the genre would be criminal. I hope it isn’t an overstatement to say that without his Gods of Pegāna the concept of an invented pantheon would never have taken wing in the speculative genre at large. He was an influence on H.P. Lovecraft, Robert E. Howard, J.R.R. Tolkien, and Gene Wolfe to name my favorites.

I discovered Lord Dunsany only a few years ago and immediately launched into the King of Elfland’s Daughter. If I’m being honest, its not exactly a page turner, but it has some of the most beautiful prose I’ve ever read and that alone kept me reading.

Dunsany’s use of language is haunting. His writing style is best described as an upscale fairytale. The work is simple, like the Brothers Grimm. But the language itself is dense and syrupy like the poetry of the 1900s.

“She sang of old Summer noons in the time of harebells: she sang on that high dark heath a song that seemed so full of mornings and evenings preserved with all their dews by her magical craft from days that had else been lost, that Alveric wondered of each small wandering wing, that her fire had lured from the dusk, if this were the ghost of some day lost to man, called up by the force of her song from times that were fairer.”

There’s something about the passage above that makes me long for a place I’ve never been. That, to me, is what makes Lord Dunsany so good. Elfland’s Daughter is longing in its purest, most distilled form. Later on, writers like Tolkien would take this spirit and age it into a proper whiskey. From longing for Elfland to longing for the Shire, the genealogy is strikingly apparent.

Elfland, like all progenitors, is blurry around the edges. It defies classification and description. It’s a place where the colors are not like our colors, where the flowers are not like our flowers, where the trees are strange and scary. That’s why it’s so familiar—that’s what the world looks like when you’re little. As we grow, Elfland grows, or maybe it gets smaller or disappears entirely. Elfland is a place so familiar it seems unfamiliar, but we’ve all been there. Some may lose Elfland, others never leave.

Naturally, I keep house in Elfland. I’ve loved it here since I was a little girl. Everyone is welcome in my salon, because everyone is welcome in Elfland.     

Above: Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. Jan Brueghel the Elder (1568 – 13 January 1625). Flemish. Oil on copper. Held by the Royal Collection, housed in the Cumberland Withdrawing Room of Hampton Court Palace.

Blog at WordPress.com.

Up ↑